Category Archives: Saints and Soldiers

St. Francis Xavier, Dec. 3

St. Ignatius with the young nobleman, Francis Xavier

St. Ignatius with the young nobleman, Francis Xavier

Francis Xavier (1506 – 1552) was born into an aristocratic family in the Kingdom of Navarre (now part of Spain). He grew up surrounded by war. Francis’ brothers were soldiers. They participated in a failed Navarrese-French attempt to expel the Spanish invaders from the kingdom. After 18 years, the war ended with the Kingdom of Navarre being partitioned into two territories: the King and some loyalists abandoned the south and moved to what is now France.

Instead of going into the military like his brothers, Francis chose a life of study in Paris. He was a promising scholar, an athlete, proud, somewhat wild, and ambitious to get ahead. There he met a man fifteen years older than him, a former soldier who had experienced a profound conversion while recuperating from a war injury, who would eventually become St. Ignatius of Loyola. Ignatius worked hard to win him over as a friend and eventually opened Francis’s heart to the love of Christ. Together they founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).

Francis led an extensive mission into Asia. He was influential in the spreading of Catholicism in India, Borneo, Japan, and other areas which had thus far not been visited by Christian missionaries. Though it seemed his missionary work in Japan was destroyed by persecution,  three centuries later, missionaries were amazed to discover tens of thousands of “hidden Christians” still living in the area of Nagasaki. The Catholic Church that was built in Nagasaki then became ground zero for the second atomic bomb that the United States dropped on Japan“What the Japanese Imperial government could not do in over 200 years of persecution, destroy Japanese Christianity, American Christians did in nine seconds.” — Dr. Gary G. Kohls

"St. Francis Xavier in Japan" by Utsumi

“St. Francis Xavier in Japan” by Utsumi

Maryknoll Sisters, El Salvador

Murdered in El Salvador (clockwise from top left): Maryknoll Sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford; lay missionary Jean Donovan; and Ursuline nun Dorothy Kazel.

On December 2, 1980, these four women joined the ranks of more than 75,000 people who were killed in El Salvador’s civil war (1979-1992). They are not saints, but I am categorizing them under “Saints and Soldiers” anyway for the confluence of their lives with American foreign policy and militarism. These Catholic women were beaten, raped and shot to death by an El Salvador government death squad. Of the five officers later found responsible for the rape and murder of these women, three were graduates of the School of the Americas, run by the U.S. military. The four men convicted of the crime later said that they were following orders from higher up, and a 1993 UN report concluded that there was a cover-up over the incident by top military and political officials in the country’s U.S.-backed regime.

An organization called School of Americas Watch has a list here of the notorious graduates from the School of the Americas and the death and terror they brought to the people of El Salvador. This is Part I of the documentary El Salvador and the School of the Americas narrated by Susan Sarandon.

The New York Times reported earlier this year that the US Justice Department ordered the deportation of retired General Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova to El Salvador, due to his role in the rape and murder of Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Sister Dorothy Kazel and Jean Donovan.

Maryknoll Sisters President Janice McLaughlin, MM said, “We are grateful to all those who persevered in obtaining justice in this case. Perhaps it can bring closure and healing to the thousands of Salvadorans who lost loved ones during the conflict, knowing that one of the senior persons behind the bloodshed will be called to give an account. A culture of impunity may be at an end in Salvador, but also in the United States because we were also complicit in the violence that took place in El Salvador in those years of civil war. We armed and trained the army, but also we gave asylum to some of the perpetrators of the violence, including General Casanova and he’s lived here comfortably until now.

In the weeks before she died, Jean Donovan wrote a friend:

“The Peace Corps left today and my heart sank low. The danger is extreme and they were right to leave… Now I must assess my own position, because I am not up for suicide. Several times I have decided to leave El Salvador. I almost could, except for the children, the poor, bruised victims of this insanity. Who would care for them? Whose heart could be so staunch as to favor the reasonable thing in a sea of their tears and loneliness? Not mine, dear friend, not mine.”

Here is a brief reflection written by 92-year-old Sister Madeleine Dorsey, who knew these incredible women.

Bl. Anwarite Nangapeta, Dec. 1

Bl. Anwarite Nangapeta

Bl. Anwarite Nangapeta

Blessed Marie-Clémentine Anuarite Nengapeta (1939 – 1964) was a member of the Holy Family Sisters in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1964, a civil war broke out across the country. The Simba rebels opposed westerners but also indigenous monks and nuns because they suspected them of cooperating with foreigners.

Simba rebels stormed her convent and attacked many of the sisters. A soldier, Colonel Pierre Colombe, killed Anuarite Nengapeta when she resisted his attempted rape. She was beaten and bayoneted and then shot to death. Between the blows she had the strength to say to her attacker: “I forgive you for you know not what you are doing.

Sister Marie-Clementine was beatified on August 15, 1985, by Pope John Paul II during his visit to Zaire, a ceremony which drew 60,000 people.  The L.A. Times reported:

“Reportedly among the worshipers but unrecognized was the man convicted of killing her, former Simba rebel Col. Pierre Olombe, now a beggar and devout Roman Catholic. He was condemned to death for the assault and served five years in prison before being pardoned by Mobutu. A number of other rebels involved in the attack on the convent were never tracked down. Through a local newspaper editor, Olombe had expressed a wish to see the pontiff and ask forgiveness. The editor passed the request along, together with the information that the girl’s parents had already forgiven Olombe.”

John Paul recounted that the martyred nun had, “like Christ,” pardoned the soldier who assaulted her. Then he added, “And I too forgive her killer with all my heart, in the name of the entire church.” She was the first Bantu woman elevated to the altars.

Bl. Charles de Foucauld, Dec. 1

Charles FoucauldCharles de Foucauld (1858-1916) was born in Strasburg, France. He entered Saint Cyr, the top French military academy, when he was 18. He graduated 87th in a class of 87 students and continued to live a riotous life while employed by the French military. He was eventually suspended from military service for lying about being married to a woman he was not married to. Hearing that his regiment was involved in dangerous action in Tunisia, he abandoned the woman, asked to be reinstated, and joined a new regiment in the south Oran area. For the next eight months, he proved to be an excellent officer, praised by his superiors as well as by the lower ranks.

“The encounter with Islam caused a profound upheaval within me.” Letter, July 8 1901

He was fascinated by Northern Africa and impressed by the faith and religious devotion of the Moslems. He resigned from the Army, settled in Algiers, and learned Arabic and Hebrew. When he went home to France, he led an austere, ascetic life. He went into churches, without any faith, and repeated this strange prayer: “My God, if you exist, let me know you.”

“As soon as I believed that there was a God, I understood that I could not do otherwise than to live only for him…” August 14, 1901

He experienced a conversion and felt a calling to the religious life. For a time he lived as a Trappist monk and then went to the Holy Land to work as a servant for the Poor Clare nuns. Eventually he was ordained a priest. He took up the life of a hermit in the desert, where he wrote down a plan for two religious orders. The members of these orders, he envisioned, would live a life patterned on the life of Jesus at Nazareth.

In 1916, living among the fierce Tuaregs of Tamanrasset, Charles de Foucauld was murdered in an attempt to warn two Arab soldiers of danger from a group of Senussi rebels.  The life of Charles de Foucauld was like the biblical seed which had to die before it sprouted into a healthy plant. At the time of his death, neither his missionary contacts nor his designs for new religious orders had borne visible fruit.  Within twenty years after his death, there appeared three congregations which derived their inspiration, purpose, and Rules from Charles de Foucauld.

St. Zachariah, Nov. 15

St. Zechariah and St. John the Baptist. A medieval Georgian fresco from Jerusalem.

St. Zechariah and St. John the Baptist. A medieval Georgian fresco from Jerusalem.

St. Zachariah was the father of John the Baptist. Orthodox Christian tradition recounts that, at the time of the massacre of the Innocents, when King Herod ordered the slaughter of all males under the age of two in an attempt to prevent the prophesied Messiah from coming to Israel, Zechariah refused to divulge the whereabouts of his son (who was in hiding), and he was therefore murdered by Herod’s soldiers.

 

St. Menas, Nov. 11

St. Menas (285-309) is one of the most well-known Egyptian saints. At the age of fifteen, he joined the Roman army and was given a high rank. Three years later he left the army in order to devote his whole life to Christ. He spent five years as a hermit in the desert. He was martyred. The soldiers who executed him set fire to his body, but after three days, it was still not burned. His sister bribed the soldiers and took his body away.

 

Jesus and Abba Menas. A 6th-century icon from the Monastery of Bawit in Middle Egypt, currently at the Louvre. It is one of the oldest icons in existence.

Jesus and Abba Menas. A 6th-century icon from the Monastery of Bawit in Middle Egypt, currently at the Louvre. It is one of the oldest icons in existence.

▶ Blessed Oscar Romero’s last sermon

Oscar Romero’s assassins were members of Salvadoran death squads, including two graduates of the School of the Americas. The 1993 United Nations Truth Commission report on El Salvador identified SOA graduate Major Roberto D’Aubuisson as the man who ordered the assassination.

▶ Blessed Oscar Romero’s last sermon – YouTube

Here is the full text.

4.2.7

 

Prayer for True Friendship

I had a nice evening last night with an Air Force reservist, S.,  who is leaving for Afghanistan in a number of weeks. S. is also a Christian (Baptist). I was trying to convince him not to go. Knowing he had joined ROTC at the age of 14 and been involved in the military ever since, the task was daunting. Nevertheless, I tried! We had a good discussion. Needless to say, two hours wasn’t enough to convince him. I said that if I couldn’t convince him to refuse, that I might have to chain myself to him on his day of departure, so he can’t board the plane, like environmental activists chain themselves to trees to prevent them from being cut down. If I fail in courage to do so (I probably will), and S. goes to Afghanistan (he probably will), then S. and I agreed to try to attend the Georgia / Georgia Tech game together on November 29, 2014, to celebrate his return sometime next year.

S., I’m glad to know you. I appreciate your openness towards me and my ideas. This seems like a good prayer for today:

Jesus, loving companion of Your children,
You have extended Your friendship to all.
You opened Your arms without discrimination,
Offering Your warmth to those seeking comfort.
Endow me with the virtue of such a friendship,
To know, love and trust all on an equal basis;
To share my patronizing without favoritism,
And to be pleasant towards the destitute.
Fashion my heart to reflect Your qualities,
Those befitting of a cordial association.
Jesus, You showed me the way to true friendship:
Blessed is Your amazing and warm Person!

Go, Dawgs.

Invisibility and St. Martin

We received a wonderful, encouraging email from someone at Missourians Against Militarism (MAM). He wrote in part:

“While MAM is non-sectarian by design, it has a strong Catholic presence. In the years of our existence, we have experienced far less opposition than apathy and denigration, both within and outside the Christian community. It remains hard to dialogue when the other party is determined to have you remain invisible.”

I was thinking about this comment today when I was searching for a good video for the blog post on St. Martin of Tours. I came across this video by Fr. James Kubicki, SJ, of “Apostleship of Prayer.” In the video, Fr. Kubicki talks about Armistice Day and then he says: “And men and women have faithfully followed their civic responsibility to serve and moral obligation to serve and defend our country. We honor them today, on a day when the Church honors Martin of Tours, a soldier in the Roman army. The story goes…”

Now, one would think the story he would talk about would be Martin’s refusal to “serve” any longer, since that seems to be the most relevant and applicable story on Veterans Day. Nope. Instead he tells the story about Martin giving half his cloak to a beggar.

“Now there’s an example,” he continues, “of how the saints are living witnesses to the Gospel, for Jesus said that whatever is done for the least of his brothers or sisters is done for him. Thus did Martin win the war, the only war that will end all wars, the war against self-concern, self-centeredness, selfishness. Ultimately, it’s only in following God’s law, to love God above all, to love neighbor as ourselves that peace will come. “

Maybe it’s just me, but that seems pretty twisted, and like a pretty blatant attempt to render the real truth of St. Martin’s witness invisible. Surely Fr. Kubicki was not unaware of St. Martin’s turn against military service. Why the half truth? What’s going on here? How can we make a saint that turned against military service a poster boy for military service? I’m going to send this link to Fr. Kubicki and see if he has an answer for us. (I’m not trying to be confrontational, but seriously, if I don’t send a link, then I feel like I’m talking about people behind their backs.)

Along the same lines, when you read about the weird Order of Saint Martin, an award given “to those who have rendered conspicuous, long-term service” in the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps, there is no mention of the fact that St. Martin eventually turned away from military service because he saw it as incompatible with his duty to follow Christ. Nothing to see here, folks! Nothing to see here. Please take your medal and keep moving.

No wonder Catholics freak out when you question militarism: It seems like a completely subversive and foreign concept! They have never considered, I guess, that the civic responsibility and moral obligation to serve and defend the country could ever come in conflict with God’s law, maybe because no one has ever told them about the tradition of nonviolence, or the many instances of resistance and refusal to do the state’s bidding, in the long, glorious history of the Church. It’s all very bizarre if you ask me. This is something we should be proud of! I don’t understand why the need to be so hush-hush.

Sneak home and pray

Suicide in the Trenches, by Siegfried Sassoon

Siegfried Sassoon  (1915)

Siegfried Sassoon (1915)

I knew a simple soldier boy
Who grinned at life in empty joy,
Slept soundly through the lonesome dark,
And whistled early with the lark.

In winter trenches, cowed and glum,
With crumps and lice and lack of rum,
He put a bullet through his brain.
No one spoke of him again.

You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye
Who cheer when soldier lads march by,
Sneak home and pray you’ll never know
The hell where youth and laughter go.

Born to a Jewish father and a Catholic mother, Siegfried Sassoon was a WWI war hero nicknamed “Mad Jack” for his astonishing feats of bravery.  He eventually became an outspoken critic of the war with his letter Finished with the War: A Soldier’s Declaration. He was a poet and wrote a memoir called Memoirs of an Infantry Officer. His poetry described the horrors of the trenches and satirized the patriotic pretensions of those who, in Sassoon’s view, were responsible for a jingoism-fuelled war. Late in life he converted to Catholicism. (So, you know, I think we can claim him! What a fascinating person…)